Using Liquibase with Apache Derby

Apache Derby is an open-source relational database implemented entirely in Java and available under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

Supported Versions

  • 10.14
  • 10.15

Note: The supported versions are the versions that were tested with Liquibase Test Harness.

Prerequisites

Before using Liquibase with your database, ensure you have:

Driver Information

Apache Derby is based on the Java, JDBC, and SQL standards. To use Liquibase and Apache Derby, you need to have Java and JDBC. For the JDBC driver:

  1. Ensure you downloaded the Derby client JDBC jar driver file. To download it, go to the Apache Derby: Downloads page. You can also find the Apache Derby driver in the derbytools.jar file by going to the Apache Derby Tools Maven repository.
  2. Place the derbytools.jar file in the liquibase/lib directory.

    3. Note: If you put the derbytools.jar file in a different directory, specify the path in the Liquibase properties file, as follows: classpath:../path_to_drivers/derbytools.jar. For more information, see Specifying Properties in a Connection Profile.

If you use Maven, you also need to download the Apache Derby driver jar file and put the driver in a location that your Maven build can access. Configure the Maven pom.xml file to use the local copy of the driver jar file. For example:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId>
    <artifactId>derbytools</artifactId>
    <version>10.15.2.0</version>
</dependency>

Testing Your Connection

For Liquibase and Apache Derby to work, you need to:

  1. Ensure your Apache Derby database is configured. As an option, you can run the sysinfo command to check the output of Derby system information. For more details, see the Install Software documentation.
  2. Specify the database URL in Liquibase properties file, as follows:
    3. url: jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/MYDATABASE;create=true

    Note: If you created MYDATABASE, use create=false or remove create=true from URL.

    Tip: To apply a Liquibase Pro key to your project, add the following property to the Liquibase properties file: liquibaseProLicenseKey: <paste code here>

  3. Create a text file called changelog (.xml, .sql, .json, or .yaml) in your project directory and add a changeset.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<databaseChangeLog
	xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:ext="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext"
	xmlns:pro="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
		http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-4.9.xsd
		http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-ext.xsd
		http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/pro/liquibase-pro-4.9.xsd">
    <changeSet id="1" author="Liquibase">
    <createTable tableName="test_table">
           <column name="test_id" type="int">
                 <constraints primaryKey="true"/>
           </column>
           <column name="test_column" type="varchar"/>
    </createTable>
    </changeSet>
</databaseChangeLog>
-- liquibase formatted sql

-- changeset liquibase:1
CREATE TABLE test_table (test_id INT, test_column VARCHAR, PRIMARY KEY (test_id))

Note: Formatted SQL changelogs generated by using Liquibase versions previous to 4.2 might cause issues because of the lack of space after a double dash ( -- ).

Tip: To fix those issues, add a space after the double dash. For example: -- liquibase formatted sql instead of --liquibase formatted sql and -- changeset myname:create-table instead of --changeset myname:create-table

databaseChangeLog:
   - changeSet:
       id: 1
       author: Liquibase
       changes:
       - createTable:
           columns:
           - column:
               name: test_column
               type: INT
               constraints:  
                   primaryKey:  true  
                   nullable:  false  
                   tableName: test_table
{ 
  "databaseChangeLog": [
  {
	"changeSet": {
	  "id": "1",
      "author": "Liquibase",
	  "changes": [
	    {
		  "createTable": {
		    "columns": [
			{
			  "column": 
		      {
				"name": "test_column",
				"type": "INT",
				"constraints": 
			  {
				"primaryKey": true,
				"nullable": false
				}
				}
			  }]
			,
			"tableName": "test_table"
		  }
		}]
	  }
	}]
  }
  1. Navigate to your project folder in the CLI and run the Liquibase status command to see whether the connection is successful. You can pass arguments in the CLI or keep them in the Liquibase properties file.
    2. liquibase --username=test --password=test --changelog-file=<changelog.xml> status
  2. Run your first update with the update command, which makes changes to your database. You can also run the update-sql command to inspect the SQL before running the update command.
    3. liquibase --changelog-file=<changelog.xml> update-sql
liquibase --changelog-file=<changelog.xml> update

From a database UI tool, ensure that your database contains the table you added along with the DATABASECHANGELOG table and DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK table.

Troubleshooting issues on the macOS

If your Derby Server is not running or you are not using the embedded driver, use the following commands on the Mac to start the Derby Server:

export DERBY_HOME=<location_of the unzipped directory_for_derby>

Example: export DERBY_HOME=/Users/myname/Downloads/db-derby-10.15.2.0-bin 

export JAVA_HOME=<path_to_your_JRE>

Note: Use the actual installed location of the JRE in place of <path_to_your_JRE> since Apache Derby will expect a bin directory as a subfolder. For example, export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-14.jdk/Contents/Home

java -jar $DERBY_HOME/lib/derbynet.jar start -h 0.0.0.0
Change Type Supported
addColumn Supported
addDefaultValue Supported
addForeignKeyConstraint Supported
addLookupTable Not Supported
addNotNullConstraint Supported
addPrimaryKey Supported
addUniqueConstraint Supported
alterSequence Not Supported
createFunction Not Supported
createIndex Supported
createPackage Not Supported
createPackageBody Not Supported
createProcedure Supported
createSequence Supported
createTable Supported
createView Supported
delete Supported
dropColumn Supported
dropDefaultValue Supported
dropForeignKeyConstraint Supported
dropIndex Supported
dropNotNullConstraint Supported
dropPrimaryKey Supported
dropProcedure Supported
dropSequence Supported
dropTable Supported
dropUniqueConstraint Supported
dropView Supported
renameColumn Supported
renameTable Supported
renameView Not Supported
sql Supported

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