Using Liquibase with Amazon Redshift
Amazon Redshift is a fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service in the cloud. An Amazon Redshift data warehouse is a collection of computing resources called nodes. The nodes are organized into a group called a cluster. Each cluster runs an Amazon Redshift engine and contains one or more databases. For more information, see the Amazon Redshift documentation page.
Verified database versions
- Cloud
Prerequisites
- Introduction to Liquibase: Dive into Liquibase concepts.
- Install Liquibase: Download Liquibase on your machine.
- Ensure Java is installed: Liquibase requires Java to run. If you used the Liquibase Installer, Java is included automatically. Otherwise, you must install Java manually.
- Get Started with Liquibase: Learn how to use Liquibase with an example database.
- Design Your Liquibase Project: Create a new Liquibase project folder and organize your changelogs.
- How to Apply Your Liquibase Pro License Key: If you use Liquibase Pro, activate your license.
Install drivers
CLI users
To use Liquibase and Amazon Redshift, you need two JAR files: JDBC and the Liquibase Redshift extension:
- Download the Amazon Redshift JDBC 4.2–compatible driver (without the AWS SDK) from Amazon or Maven. If you use the Amazon Redshift JDBC driver for database authentication, ensure you have AWS SDK for Java 1.11.118 or later in your Java class path. If you don't have AWS SDK for Java installed, download the ZIP file with the JDBC 4.2–compatible driver (without the AWS SDK) and driver dependent libraries for the AWS SDK:
redshift-jdbc<version>.jar
. - Go to the liquibase-redshift repository and download the latest released Liquibase extension
liquibase-redshift-<version>.jar
file. The latest JAR is in the "Assets" section of the latest release. Alternatively, download it from Maven Central.
Tip: AWS recommends driver version 2.1.0.12 to use Amazon Redshift with Liquibase. The latest version of the driver is not recommended.
liquibase/lib
directory.
Maven users
To use Liquibase with Maven, pom.xml
file. Using this information, Maven automatically downloads the driver JAR from Maven Central when you build your project.
<dependency>
<groupId>com.amazon.redshift</groupId>
<artifactId>redshift-jdbc42</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.liquibase.ext</groupId>
<artifactId>liquibase-redshift</artifactId>
<version>4.30.0</version>
</dependency>
Make sure that the Liquibase plugin and the database extension have the same version in your POM.
Configure connection
- Ensure your Amazon Redshift database is configured. You can check the connection to an Amazon Redshift cluster.
- Specify the database URL in the
liquibase.properties
file (defaults file), along with other properties you want to set a default value for. Liquibase does not parse the URL. You can either specify the full database connection string or specify the URL using your database's standard connection format:
url: jdbc:redshift://endpoint:port/database
Example: url: jdbc:redshift://<cluster-identifier>.us-east-1.redshift.amazonaws.com:5439/databasename
Note: To get your JDBC connection, see Finding your cluster connection string.
Tip: To apply a Liquibase Pro key to your project, add the following property to the Liquibase properties file: licenseKey: <paste code here>
Test connection
-
Create a text file called
changelog
(.sql
,.yaml
,.json
, or.xml
) in your project directory and add a changeset.If you already created a changelog using the
init project
command, you can use that instead of creating a new file. When adding onto an existing changelog, be sure to only add the changeset and to not duplicate the changelog header. - Navigate to your project folder in the CLI and run the Liquibase
status
command to see whether the connection is successful: - Inspect the deployment SQL with the
update-sql
command: - Then execute these changes to your database with the
update
command: - From a database UI tool, ensure that your database contains the
test_table
object you added along with the DATABASECHANGELOG table and DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK table.
SQL example
--liquibase formatted sql
--changeset your.name:1
CREATE TABLE test_table (test_id INT NOT NULL, test_column INT, PRIMARY KEY (test_id))
Tip: Formatted SQL changelogs generated from Liquibase versions before 4.2.0 might cause issues because of the lack of space after a double dash ( --
). To fix this, add a space after the double dash. For example: -- liquibase formatted sql
instead of --liquibase formatted sql
and -- changeset myname:create-table
instead of --changeset myname:create-table
.
liquibase status --username=test --password=test --changelog-file=<changelog.xml>
Note: You can specify arguments in the CLI or keep them in the Liquibase properties file.
If your connection is successful, you'll see a message like this:
4 changesets have not been applied to <your_connection_url>
Liquibase command 'status' was executed successfully.
liquibase update-sql --changelog-file=<changelog.xml>
If the SQL that Liquibase generates isn't what you expect, you should review your changelog file and make any necessary adjustments.
liquibase update --changelog-file=<changelog.xml>
If your update
is successful, Liquibase runs each changeset and displays a summary message ending with:
Liquibase: Update has been successful.
Liquibase command 'update' was executed successfully.
Now you're ready to start making deployments with Liquibase!